What characterizes radioactive material?

Radioactive material is characterized by the presence of atoms that are unstable and undergo decay, releasing radiation in the process. This decay can occur in various forms, including alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays, all of which are different types of radiation emitted as these unstable isotopes transition to a more stable state.

The concept of radioactive decay is fundamental, as it indicates that these materials will change over time, often leading to the transformation into different elements or isotopes. This inherent instability is what distinguishes radioactive materials from stable ones, as stable isotopes do not undergo such decay processes.

Understanding this characteristic is crucial in fields such as nuclear energy, medical applications, and radiation safety, as it informs how these materials can be handled, stored, and utilized.