What is a critical differentiating feature of a pressurized water reactor?

A critical differentiating feature of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) is that it includes both a pressurizer and steam generators to maintain system integrity. In a PWR, water is kept under high pressure to prevent it from boiling, allowing it to reach and maintain higher temperatures. The pressurizer plays a crucial role in regulating the pressure within the primary system, compensating for temperature fluctuations and volume changes.

The presence of steam generators separates the primary loop from the secondary loop, where steam is produced to drive turbines. This design enhances safety and operational efficiency, as the primary coolant does not directly contact the turbine, helping to manage radioactive materials effectively. The ability to maintain a high-pressure environment without boiling is one of the key reasons why PWRs are commonly used in the nuclear industry.